Eardrum Perforation – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Common Symptoms
Hearing loss or reduced hearing clarity
Ear discharge or recurrent infections
Ear pain at the time of perforation
Tinnitus or ringing in the ear
Occasional dizziness
Common Causes
- Middle ear infection causing eardrum rupture
- Barotrauma during flying or diving
- Injury from cotton buds or foreign objects
- Previous grommet insertion or ear surgery
- Sudden loud noise or blast injury
How It Affects Ear Function
A perforated eardrum reduces the efficiency of sound transmission and allows water or bacteria to enter the middle ear. This may lead to recurrent infections, persistent ear discharge, and progressive hearing problems if left untreated.
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
Small perforations may heal spontaneously. Patients are advised to keep the ear dry and avoid water entry. Treatment of infection with ear drops or medication may be required.
Surgical Treatment – Tympanoplasty
When the perforation persists or causes significant symptoms, surgical repair (tympanoplasty) may be recommended. The procedure involves placing a graft to close the perforation and restore hearing function.
